Umubare munini wibyuma byamabati byashizweho nababikora bakunda
Imiterere yumwirondoro
Urupapuro rwicyuma pile cofferdam nimwe rukoreshwa cyane.Ikirundo cy'icyuma ni ubwoko bw'icyuma gifite umunwa ufunze.Igice cyacyo kirimo isahani igororotse, ahantu hamwe na Z, kandi ifite ubunini butandukanye nuburyo bwo guhuza.Ibisanzwe ni uburyo bwa Larsen, injyana ya Lavanna, nibindi.
Ibyiza byayo ni: imbaraga nyinshi, byoroshye gutwara mubutaka bukomeye;Ubwubatsi burashobora gukorwa mumazi maremare, kandi inkunga irashobora kwongerwaho kugirango ikore akazu nibiba ngombwa.Imikorere myiza idafite amazi;Irashobora gukora cofferdams yuburyo butandukanye nkuko bisabwa kandi irashobora gukoreshwa inshuro nyinshi.Kubwibyo, irakoreshwa cyane.
Cofferdam hejuru ya caisson ifunguye ikoreshwa kenshi mukubaka ikiraro, kandi ikoreshwa cyane.Cofferdam ya fondasiyo yinkingi, urufatiro rwikirundo hamwe no gufungura urufatiro, nibindi.
Iyi cofferdams ahanini ni urukuta rumwe rufunze ubwoko.Hano hari vertical na horizontal infashanyo muri cofferdams.Nibiba ngombwa, oblique inkunga yongeweho kugirango ikore cofferdam.Kurugero, umuyoboro winkingi wumushinga wikiraro cyuruzi rwa Yangtze i Nanjing, mubushinwa, wasangaga ukoresha icyuma cyuruziga cofferdam gifite umurambararo wa metero 21.9 hamwe nicyuma cyicyuma gifite uburebure bwa metero 36.Hariho ubunini butandukanye nuburyo bwo guhuza.Nyuma yo hasi ya beto yo mumazi igeze kubisabwa byingufu, capa pile numubiri wa pir bizubakwa no kuvoma amazi, kandi ubujyakuzimu bwamazi yo kuvoma bugera kuri metero 20.
Mu bwubatsi bwa hydraulic, ubusanzwe ubwubatsi ni bunini, kandi bukoreshwa kenshi mugukora cofferdam.Igizwe n'imibiri myinshi ihuza imibiri imwe, imwe murimwe igizwe nibirundo byinshi byamabati, kandi hagati yumubiri umwe huzuyemo ubutaka.Ingano ya cofferdam nini cyane, kandi urukuta rwa cofferdam ntirushobora gushyigikirwa ninkunga.Kubwibyo, buri mubiri umwe urashobora kwigenga kwigenga, kunyerera no gukumira amakimbirane hagati.Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa ni uruziga no kugabana.
1.Ikirundo cy'icyuma
2.Imiterere ihuriweho kumpande zombi
3.Shiraho inkuta mu butaka n'amazi
Ibipimo by'ibikoresho
Isahani ikonje
Urupapuro rwicyuma ruhora rukonje-rukora umurongo wibyuma kugirango ube isahani yo kubaka umusingi hamwe nigice cya Z, imiterere ya U cyangwa izindi shusho zishobora guhuzwa hamwe zifunze.
Ikirundo cyicyuma cyakozwe nuburyo bwo kuzunguruka ubukonje ni kimwe mubicuruzwa byingenzi byicyuma gikonje gikoreshwa mubwubatsi.Ikirundo cy'icyuma kijugunywa (kanda) mu musingi hamwe n'umushoferi w'ikirundo kugira ngo ubahuze kugira ngo bakore urukuta rw'icyuma cyo kugumana ubutaka n'amazi.Ubwoko bwibice bisanzwe birimo U-shusho, Z-isa na plaque igororotse.Ikirundo cy'icyuma gikwiranye n'urufatiro rworoshye hamwe n'inkingi ndende zifatika hamwe n'amazi yo mu butaka.Biroroshye kubaka.Ibyiza byayo nibikorwa byiza byo guhagarika amazi kandi birashobora kongera gukoreshwa.Imiterere yo gutanga ikirundo cyicyuma Uburebure bwogutanga ikirundo cyicyuma gikonje ni 6m, 9m, 12m, 15m, kandi birashobora no gutunganywa ukurikije ibyo umukoresha asabwa.Uburebure ntarengwa ni 24m..Gukoresha ikirundo cy'icyuma Ikirundo gikonje gikonjesha ibicuruzwa bifite ibiranga ubwubatsi bworoshye, gutera imbere byihuse, ntibikenewe ibikoresho binini byubwubatsi, kandi bifasha muburyo bwa seisimike mubikorwa byubwubatsi.Irashobora kandi guhindura imiterere yuburebure nuburebure bwikonje ikozwe mu mbeho ikonje ukurikije imiterere yihariye yumushinga, kugirango igishushanyo mbonera cyubukungu kirusheho kuba cyiza kandi gishyize mu gaciro.Byongeye kandi, binyuze muburyo bwiza bwo gushushanya igice cyibicuruzwa bikonjesha bikonje bikonje, coefficient yibicuruzwa byatejwe imbere ku buryo bugaragara, uburemere kuri metero y'ubugari bw'urukuta rw'ikirundo bwaragabanutse, kandi ibiciro by'ubwubatsi byagabanutse. .[1]
Ibikoresho bya tekiniki
Ukurikije uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro, ibicuruzwa byurupapuro rwicyuma bigabanyijemo ubwoko bubiri: ikonje ikonje ikonje cyane yuruzitiro rwicyuma hamwe nicyuma gishyushye.Mu bwubatsi bwubwubatsi, urwego rusaba rwubukonje bwubatswe rwubukonje ruba rugufi, kandi inyinshi murizo zikoreshwa nkinyongera kubikoresho byakoreshejwe.Amabati ashyushye ashyushye yamashanyarazi yamye aribintu byambere mubikorwa byubwubatsi.Hashingiwe ku byiza byinshi by’ibirundo by’ibyuma mu iyubakwa, Ubuyobozi bwa Leta bugenzura ubuziranenge, ubugenzuzi na karantine hamwe n’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ubuziranenge bwasohoye urwego rw’igihugu "Ikirundo cy’icyuma gishyushye U-shusho" ku ya 14 Gicurasi 2007, cyari ku mugaragaro yashyizwe mu bikorwa ku ya 1 Ukuboza 2007. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 20, Masteel Co., Ltd yakoze toni zirenga 5000 z'ibirundo by'ibyuma U bifite uburebure bwa mm 400 bitewe n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga byifashe ku isi hose. umurongo w’umusaruro watumijwe mu mahanga, ukanabishyira mu bikorwa neza muri cofferdam y’ikiraro cya Nenjiang, toni 300000 ya Jingjiang New Century Shipyard n’umushinga wo kurwanya umwuzure muri Bangladesh.Nyamara, kubera umusaruro muke, inyungu zubukungu, ubukene buke mu gihugu hamwe nuburambe bwa tekinike budahagije mugihe cyibikorwa byo kugerageza, umusaruro ntushobora gukomeza.Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, kuri ubu, buri mwaka ikoreshwa ry’ibirundo by’ibyuma mu Bushinwa bikomeza kuba toni 30000, bingana na 1% gusa ku isi yose, kandi bigarukira ku mishinga imwe n'imwe ihoraho nk'icyambu, ubwubatsi n'ubwubatsi bw'amato ndetse n'imishinga y'igihe gito nk'ibi nkikiraro cofferdam ninkunga ya fondasiyo.
Ikirundo cyibyuma bikonje ni ikirundo cyicyuma gikozwe no guhora kuzunguruka igice gikonje, kandi gufunga uruhande birashobora guhora bifunze kugirango bikore urukuta rwurupapuro.Ikirundo cy'icyuma gikonje gikonje gikozwe mu isahani yoroheje (ubusanzwe mm 8 mm ~ 14 mm z'ubugari) kandi bigakorwa nigice gikonje.Igicuruzwa cyacyo ni gito kandi igiciro kirahendutse, kandi kugenzura ibipimo biroroshye.Nyamara, kubera uburyo bworoshye bwo gutunganya, ubunini bwa buri gice cyumubiri wikirundo ni kimwe, kandi ubunini bwigice ntibushobora kuba bwiza, bigatuma kwiyongera kwicyuma;Imiterere yigice cyo gufunga biragoye kugenzura, kandi ihuriro ntirishobora gukomera kandi ntirishobora guhagarika amazi;Bitewe nubushobozi bwibikoresho byo gutunganya bikonje bikonje, gusa ibicuruzwa bifite urwego ruke rwimbaraga nubunini buke bishobora kubyara;Byongeye kandi, imihangayiko iterwa mugikorwa cyo kugonda ubukonje ni nini ugereranije, kandi umubiri wikirundo uroroshye kurira mugukoresha, ufite imbogamizi zikomeye mubikorwa.Mu bwubatsi bwubwubatsi, urwego rwo gusaba rwubukonje rwubukonje rwamabati arirwo rugufi, kandi inyinshi murizo zikoreshwa gusa nk'inyongera kubikoresho byakoreshejwe.Ibiranga icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikonje: ukurikije uko ibintu byifashe mu mushinga, igice cy’ubukungu kandi gishyize mu gaciro gishobora gutoranywa kugira ngo ugere ku gishushanyo mbonera cy’umushinga, uzigama 10-15% y’ibikoresho ugereranije n’ubushyuhe bukabije urupapuro rwicyuma hamwe nibikorwa bimwe, bigabanya cyane igiciro cyubwubatsi.
Andika intangiriro
Intangiriro yibanze ya U-shusho yicyuma
1.Igishushanyo mbonera cyibishushanyo mbonera bya WR urukurikirane rwibyuma birumvikana, kandi tekinoroji yo gukora iratera imbere, bigatuma igipimo cyigice cya modulus hamwe nuburemere bwibicuruzwa byurupapuro rwibirundo bikomeza kwiyongera, kugirango bishobore kubona inyungu nziza mubukungu mubikorwa no kwagura Ikoreshwa ryumurima wubukonje bwubatswe.
2.Urupapuro rwicyuma rwa WRU rufite ibisobanuro bitandukanye na moderi.
3.Byakozwe kandi bikozwe ukurikije amahame yuburayi, imiterere yuburinganire ifasha gukoreshwa inshuro nyinshi, ibyo bikaba bihwanye no kuzunguruka bishyushye mubijyanye no kuyikoresha inshuro nyinshi, kandi bifite amplitude amplitude, byoroshye gukosora gutandukana kwubwubatsi.
4.Gukoresha ibyuma bikomeye cyane hamwe nibikoresho bigezweho byo gukora byemeza imikorere yibirundo byubukonje.
5.Uburebure bushobora gutegurwa ukurikije ibyo umukiriya asabwa, bizana ubwubatsi kandi bikagabanya ikiguzi.
6.Bitewe no korohereza umusaruro, birashobora gutumizwa mbere yo kubyara iyo bikoreshejwe hamwe nibirundo.
7.Igishushanyo mbonera n’ibikorwa byigihe gito, kandi imikorere yibirundo byibyuma birashobora kugenwa ukurikije ibyo abakiriya bakeneye.
Umugani nibyiza bya U-shusho yuruhererekane rukonje rwubatswe
1.U-shusho y'ibyuma U ifite ibirundo bitandukanye.
2.Yateguwe kandi ikorwa hakurikijwe amahame yuburayi, hamwe nuburyo bufatika bwubatswe, bifasha kongera gukoresha, kandi bihwanye no kuzunguruka bishyushye muburyo bwo kongera gukoresha.
3.Uburebure bushobora gutegurwa ukurikije ibyo umukiriya asabwa, bizana ubwubatsi kandi bikagabanya ikiguzi.
4.Bitewe no korohereza umusaruro, birashobora gutumizwa mbere yo kubyara iyo bikoreshejwe hamwe nibirundo.
5.Igishushanyo mbonera n’ibikorwa byigihe gito, kandi imikorere yibirundo byibyuma birashobora kugenwa ukurikije ibyo abakiriya bakeneye.
Ibisobanuro rusange bya u-shusho yicyuma
| Andika | Ubugari | Uburebure | Umubyimba | Agace | Uburemere kuri buri kirundo | Uburemere kuri buri rukuta | Akanya ka Inertia | Modulus y'igice |
| mm | mm | mm | Cm2 / m | Kg / m | Kg / m2 | Cm4 / m | Cm3 / m | |
| WRU7 | 750 | 320 | 5 | 71.3 | 42.0 | 56.0 | 10725 | 670 |
| WRU8 | 750 | 320 | 6 | 86.7 | 51.0 | 68.1 | 13169 | 823 |
| WRU9 | 750 | 320 | 7 | 101.4 | 59.7 | 79.6 | 15251 | 953 |
| WRU10-450 | 450 | 360 | 8 | 148.6 | 52.5 | 116.7 | 18268 | 1015 |
| WRU11-450 | 450 | 360 | 9 | 165.9 | 58.6 | 130.2 | 20375 | 1132 |
| WRU12-450 | 450 | 360 | 10 | 182.9 | 64.7 | 143.8 | 22444 | 1247 |
| WRU11-575 | 575 | 360 | 8 | 133.8 | 60.4 | 105.1 | 19685 | 1094 |
| WRU12-575 | 575 | 360 | 9 | 149.5 | 67.5 | 117.4 | 21973 | 1221 |
| WRU13-575 | 575 | 360 | 10 | 165.0 | 74.5 | 129.5 | 24224 | 1346 |
| WRU11-600 | 600 | 360 | 8 | 131.4 | 61.9 | 103.2 | 19897 | 1105 |
| WRU12-600 | 600 | 360 | 9 | 147.3 | 69.5 | 115.8 | 22213 | 1234 |
| WRU13-600 | 600 | 360 | 10 | 162.4 | 76.5 | 127.5 | 24491 | 1361 |
| WRU18-600 | 600 | 350 | 12 | 220.3 | 103.8 | 172.9 | 32797 | 1874 |
| WRU20-600 | 600 | 350 | 13 | 238.5 | 112.3 | 187.2 | 35224 | 2013 |
| WRU16 | 650 | 480 | 8. | 138.5 | 71.3 | 109.6 | 39864 | 1661 |
| WRU 18 | 650 | 480 | 9 | 156.1 | 79.5 | 122.3 | 44521 | 1855 |
| WRU20 | 650 | 540 | 8 | 153.7 | 78.1 | 120.2 | 56002 | 2074 |
| WRU23 | 650 | 540 | 9 | 169.4 | 87.3 | 133.0 | 61084 | 2318 |
| WRU26 | 650 | 540 | 10 | 187.4 | 96.2 | 146.9 | 69093 | 2559 |
| WRU30-700 | 700 | 558 | 11 | 217.1 | 119.3 | 170.5 | 83139 | 2980 |
| WRU32-700 | 700 | 560 | 12 | 236.2 | 129.8 | 185.4 | 90880 | 3246 |
| WRU35-700 | 700 | 562 | 13 | 255.1 | 140.2 | 200.3 | 98652 | 3511 |
| WRU36-700 | 700 | 558 | 14 | 284.3 | 156.2 | 223.2 | 102145 | 3661 |
| WRU39-700 | 700 | 560 | 15 | 303.8 | 166.9 | 238.5 | 109655 | 3916 |
| WRU41-700 | 700 | 562 | 16 | 323.1 | 177.6 | 253.7 | 117194 | 4170 |
| WRU 32 | 750 | 598 | 11 | 215.9 | 127.1 | 169.5 | 97362 | 3265 |
| WRU 35 | 750 | 600 | 12 | 234.9 | 138.3 | 184.4 | 106416 | 3547 |
| WRU36-700 | 700 | 558 | 14 | 284.3 | 156.2 | 223.2 | 102145 | 3661 |
| WRU39-700 | 700 | 560 | 15 | 303.8 | 166.9 | 238.5 | 109655 | 3916 |
| WRU41-700 | 700 | 562 | 16 | 323.1 | 177.6 | 253.7 | 117194 | 4170 |
| WRU 32 | 750 | 598 | 11 | 215.9 | 127.1 | 169.5 | 97362 | 3265 |
| WRU 35 | 750 | 600 | 12 | 234.9 | 138.3 | 184.4 | 106416 | 3547 |
| WRU 38 | 750 | 602 | 13 | 253.7 | 149.4 | 199.2 | 115505 | 3837 |
| WRU 40 | 750 | 598 | 14 | 282.2 | 166.1 | 221.5 | 119918 | 4011 |
| WRU 43 | 750 | 600 | 15 | 301.5 | 177.5 | 236.7 | 128724 | 4291 |
| WRU 45 | 750 | 602 | 16 | 320.8 | 188.9 | 251.8 | 137561 | 4570 |
Urupapuro rwicyuma cya Z.
Gufungura bifunguye bigabanijwe kumpande zombi zidafite aho zibogamiye, kandi urubuga rurakomeza, rutezimbere cyane igice cyama modulus no kunama gukomera, kandi rwemeza ko imiterere yubukanishi bwigice ishobora gutezwa imbere byuzuye.Kubera imiterere yihariye yimiterere kandi yizewe ya Larssen.
Ibyiza nibishushanyo bya Z-shusho yicyuma
1.Igishushanyo cyoroshye hamwe nigice kinini cyo hejuru hamwe na misa.
2.Umwanya muremure wa inertia wongera ubukana bwurupapuro rwikirundo kandi bigabanya kwimuka no guhindura ibintu.
3.Ubugari bunini, bukiza neza igihe cyo kuzamura no gutwara.
4.Hamwe no kwiyongera k'ubugari bw'igice, umubare wo kugabanuka k'urupapuro rw'ikirundo uragabanuka, kandi imikorere yacyo yo gufunga amazi iratera imbere mu buryo butaziguye.
5.Ibice byangiritse cyane byarushijeho kwiyongera, kandi kurwanya ruswa ni byiza cyane.
Ibisobanuro rusange bya Z-shusho y'icyuma
| Andika | Ubugari | Uburebure | Umubyimba | Agace | Uburemere kuri buri kirundo | Uburemere kuri buri rukuta | Akanya ka Inertia | Modulus y'igice |
| mm | mm | mm | Cm2 / m | Kg / m | Kg / m2 | Cm4 / m | Cm3 / m | |
| WRZ16-635 | 635 | 379 | 7 | 123.4 | 61.5 | 96.9 | 30502 | 1610 |
| WRZ18-635 | 635 | 380 | 8 | 140.6 | 70.1 | 110.3 | 34717 | 1827 |
| WRZ28-635 | 635 | 419 | 11 | 209.0 | 104.2 | 164.1 | 28785 | 2805 |
| WRZ30-635 | 635 | 420 | 12 | 227.3 | 113.3 | 178.4 | 63889 | 3042 |
| WRZ32-635 | 635 | 421 | 13 | 245.4 | 122.3 | 192.7 | 68954 | 3276 |
| WRZ12-650 | 650 | 319 | 7 | 113.2 | 57.8 | 88.9 | 19603 | 1229 |
| WRZ14-650 | 650 | 320 | 8 | 128.9 | 65.8 | 101.2 | 22312 | 1395 |
| WRZ34-675 | 675 | 490 | 12 | 224.4 | 118.9 | 176.1 | 84657 | 3455 |
| WRZ37-675 | 675 | 491 | 13 | 242.3 | 128.4 | 190.2 | 91327 | 3720 |
| WRZ38-675 | 675 | 491.5 | 13.5 | 251.3 | 133.1 | 197.2 | 94699 | 3853 |
| WRZ18-685 | 685 | 401 | 9 | 144 | 77.4 | 113 | 37335 | 1862 |
| WRZ20-685 | 685 | 402 | 10 | 159.4 | 85.7 | 125.2 | 41304 | 2055 |
Ikirundo cy'icyuma
Ubwoko bwa L bukoreshwa cyane cyane mugushigikira inkombe, urukuta rw'urugomero, gucukura imiyoboro no gucukura.
Igice kiroroshye, umwanya ufitwe nurukuta rwikirundo ni nto, gufunga biri mucyerekezo kimwe, kandi kubaka biroroshye.Irakoreshwa mubwubatsi bwubucukuzi bwamakomine.
| Ibisobanuro rusange bya L-shusho yicyuma | |||||||
| Andika | Ubugari | Uburebure | Umubyimba | Uburemere kuri buri kirundo | Uburemere kuri buri rukuta | Akanya ka Inertia | Modulus y'igice |
| mm | mm | mm | Kg / m | Kg / m2 | Cm4 / m | Cm3 / m | |
| WRL1.5 | 700 | 100 | 3.0 | 21.4 | 30.6 | 724 | 145 |
| WRL2 | 700 | 150 | 3.0 | 22.9 | 32.7 | 1674 | 223 |
| WRI3 | 700 | 150 | 4.5 | 35.0 | 50.0 | 2469 | 329 |
| WRL4 | 700 | 180 | 5.0 | 40.4 | 57.7 | 3979 | 442 |
| WRL5 | 700 | 180 | 6.5 | 52.7 | 75.3 | 5094 | 566 |
| WRL6 | 700 | 180 | 7.0 | 57.1 | 81.6 | 5458 | 606 |
| Ibisobanuro rusange byurupapuro rwicyuma | |||||||
| Andika | Ubugari | Uburebure | Umubyimba | Uburemere kuri buri kirundo | Uburemere kuri buri rukuta | Akanya ka Inertia | Modulus y'igice |
| mm | mm | mm | Kg / m | Kg / m2 | Cm4 / m | Cm3 / m | |
| WRS4 | 600 | 260 | 3.5 | 31.2 | 41.7 | 5528 | 425 |
| WRS5 | 600 | 260 | 4.0 | 36.6 | 48.8 | 6703 | 516 |
| WRS6 | 700 | 260 | 5.0 | 45.3 | 57.7 | 7899 | 608 |
| WRS8 | 700 | 320 | 5.5 | 53.0 | 70.7 | 12987 | 812 |
| WRS9 | 700 | 320 | 6.5 | 62.6 | 83.4 | 15225 | 952 |
Ubundi buryo bwubwoko bwicyuma bwikirundo burakwiriye gucukurwa imyobo imwe, cyane cyane iyo umwanya uri hagati yinyubako ebyiri ari nto kandi gucukura birakenewe, kuko uburebure bwabwo buri hasi kandi hafi yumurongo ugororotse.
Ibyiza nibishushanyo byumurongo wibyuma
Ubwa mbere, irashobora gukora urukuta rukomeye rwurupapuro rwicyuma kugirango ubucukuzi bumanuke neza bitatewe no gukandagira kumpande zombi namazi yubutaka.
Icya kabiri, ifasha kandi gushimangira urufatiro, bityo bigatuma inyubako zihagarara neza kumpande zombi.
| Ibisobanuro rusange byumurongo wicyuma | |||||||||||||||||
| Andika | Ubugari bwa mm | Uburebure bwa mm | Umubyimba mm | Agace k'ibice cm2 / m | Ibiro | Akanya ka Inertia cm4 / m | Modulus yicyiciro cm3 / m | ||||||||||
| Uburemere kuri pil kg / m | Uburemere kuri wallkg / m2 | ||||||||||||||||
| WRX 600-10 | 600 | 60 | 10.0 | 144.8 | 68.2 | 113.6 | 396 | 132 | |||||||||
| WRX600-11 | 600 | 61 | 11.0 | 158.5 | 74.7 | 124.4 | 435 | 143 | |||||||||
| WRX600-12 | 600 | 62 | 12.0 | 172.1 | 81.1 | 135.1 | 474 | 153 | |||||||||
| Igipimo cyimiterere yimiti hamwe nubukanishi bwibikoresho bikonje bikonje GB / T700-1988 GB / T1591-1994 GB / T4171-2000 | |||||||||||||||||
| Ikirango | Ibigize imiti | Umutungo wa mashini | |||||||||||||||
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | gutanga umusaruroMpa | imbaraga zinganaMpa | Kurambura | Ingaruka zingufu | |||||||||
| Q345B | s0.20 | ≤0.50 | ≤1.5 | ≤0.025 | ≤0.020 | 2345 | 470-630 | ≥21 | 234 | ||||||||
| Q235B | 0.12-0.2 | s0.30 | 0.3-0.7 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.045 | ≥235 | 375-500 | 226 | 227 | ||||||||
Isahani ishyushye
Amabati ashyushye ashyushye, nkuko izina ribivuga, ni ibirundo by'ibyuma bikozwe no gusudira no kuzunguruka.Bitewe nubuhanga bugezweho, kuruma kwayo gufunga amazi.
Urugero
| Icyiciro kiranga icyuma gishyushye cyurupapuro | ||||||||||||||||
| Andika | Ingano yicyiciro | Uburemere kuri buri kirundo | Uburemere kuri buri rukuta | |||||||||||||
| Ubugari | Uburebure | Umubyimba | Igice akarere | Uburemere bw'imyumvire | Akanya ka Inertia | Modulus ya igice | Agace | Inyigisho uburemere | Akanya ka Inertia | Modulus ya igice | ||||||
| mm | mm | mm | cmz | cm2 | Kg / m | Cm3 / m | cm7 / m | cm2 / m | Kg / m? | cm4 | cm3 / m | |||||
| SKSP- Ⅱ | 400 | 100 | 10.5 | 61.18 | 48.0 | 1240 | 152 | 153.0 | 120 | 8740 | 874 | |||||
| SKSP-Ⅲ | 400 | 125 | 13.0 | 76.42 | 60.0 | 2220 | 223 | 191.0 | 150 | 16800 | 1340 | |||||
| SKSP-IV | 400 | 170 | 15.5 | 96.99 | 76.1 | 4670 | 362 | 242.5 | 190 | 38600 | 2270 | |||||
| Imbonerahamwe yicyiciro, ibyuma bya chimique nibikoresho bya mehaniki yibikoresho bishyushye bishyushye | ||||||||||||||||
| Inomero yo guhamagara | Andika | Ibigize imiti | Isesengura ryimashini | |||||||||||||
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | N | Gutanga imbaraga N / mm | Imbaraga zingana N / mm | Kurambura | ||||||||
| JIS A5523 | SYW295 | 0.18 max | 0.55 max | 1.5 max | 0.04 max | 0.04 max | 0.006 max | > 295 | > 490 | > 17 | ||||||
| SYW390 | 0.18 max | 0.55 max | 1.5 max | 0.04 max | 0.04 3X | 0.006 max | 0.44 max | > 540 | > 15 | |||||||
| JIS A5528 | SY295 | 0.04 max | 0.04 max | > 295 | > 490 | > 17 | ||||||||||
| SY390 | 0.04 max | 0.04 max | > 540 | > 15 | ||||||||||||
Icyiciro
U-shusho y'icyuma
Gukomatanya impapuro
Ibiranga
Ibiranga gusaba:
1.Gukemura no gukemura ibibazo byinshi murwego rwo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro.
2.Ubwubatsi bworoshye nigihe gito cyo kubaka.
3.Kubikorwa byubwubatsi, birashobora kugabanya ibyangombwa bisabwa.
4.Gukoresha ibirundo by'ibyuma birashobora gutanga umutekano ukenewe kandi bikagira igihe gikwiye (kubutabazi).
5.Gukoresha impapuro z'ibyuma ntibishobora kugabanywa nikirere;Muburyo bwo gukoresha amabati yicyuma, irashobora koroshya inzira igoye yo kugenzura imikorere yibikoresho cyangwa sisitemu kugirango ihuze neza, ihindagurika ryiza, kandi irashobora gukoreshwa.
6.Irashobora gukoreshwa kandi ikongera gukoreshwa kugirango ubike amafaranga.
Ubwubatsi bwa Hydraulic - inyubako zinzira zitwara ibyambu - imihanda na gari ya moshi
1.Urukuta rw'imbere, urukuta rwo kubungabunga no kugumana urukuta;.
2.Kubaka ibyambu n'ubwato hamwe n'inkuta zo kwigunga.
3.Ikirundo cyo gukingira ikirundo, (wharf) bollard, umusingi wikiraro.
4.Ikirangantego cya radar, ahahanamye, ahahanamye.
5.Kurohama gari ya moshi no gufata amazi yo mu butaka.
6.Umuyoboro.
Ibikorwa bya gisivili byinzira y'amazi:
1.Kubungabunga inzira y'amazi.
2.Kugumana urukuta.
3.Huza subgrade hamwe ninkombe.
4.Ibikoresho byo kubyara;Irinde gukubitwa.
Kurwanya umwanda inyubako zubaka amazi - ahantu handuye, kuzuza uruzitiro:
1.Gufunga ubwato, gufunga amazi, n'inzitiro zifunze zifunze (z'inzuzi).
2.Weir, inkombe, ubucukuzi bwo gusimbuza ubutaka.
3.Urufatiro rw'ikiraro hamwe n'ikigega cy'amazi.
4.Culvert (umuhanda, gari ya moshi, nibindi);, Kurinda umuyoboro wa kabili wubutaka kumurongo wo hejuru.
5.Urugi rwumutekano.
6.Kugabanya urusaku rw'inkombe zo kurwanya umwuzure.
7.Inkingi yikiraro hamwe nurukuta rwurusaku rwurukuta;
8.Ibikoresho bya chimique hamwe nubukanishi bwibikoresho bikonje bikonje.[1]
Ibyiza:
1.Nubushobozi bukomeye bwo gutwara nuburyo bworoshye, urukuta ruhoraho rugizwe nibirundo byibyuma bifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi zikomeye.
2.Gukomera kwamazi ni byiza, kandi gufunga guhuza ikirundo cyicyuma cyahujwe cyane, gishobora kubuza kwinjira.
3.Kubaka biroroshye, birashobora guhuza nuburyo butandukanye bwa geologiya nubuziranenge bwubutaka, birashobora kugabanya ubunini bwubucukuzi bwurwobo, kandi ibikorwa bifata ikibanza gito.
4.Kuramba neza.Ukurikije itandukaniro mugukoresha ibidukikije, ubuzima bwa serivisi burashobora kugera kumyaka 50.
5.Ubwubatsi bwangiza ibidukikije, kandi ubwinshi bwubutaka na beto byafashwe buragabanuka cyane, bishobora kurinda neza umutungo wubutaka.
6.Igikorwa kirakora neza, kandi kirakwiriye cyane mugushira mubikorwa byihuse gahunda yo kurwanya umwuzure, gusenyuka, kwihuta, umutingito nizindi nkeragutabara no gukumira.
7.Ibikoresho birashobora gutunganywa no gukoreshwa inshuro 20-30 mumirimo yigihe gito.
8.Ugereranije nizindi nyubako imwe, urukuta rworoshye kandi rufite uburyo bwo guhuza n'imiterere ihindagurika, ikwiranye no gukumira no kuvura ibiza bitandukanye bya geologiya.
Gusaba
Imikorere, isura nagaciro keza nibipimo abantu bakoresha muguhitamo ibikoresho byubwubatsi uyumunsi.Ibirundo by'ibyuma bihuye n'ingingo eshatu zavuzwe haruguru: ibice bigize inganda zayo bitanga imiterere yoroshye kandi ifatika, yujuje ibyangombwa byose bisabwa kugirango umutekano wubatswe no kurengera ibidukikije, kandi inyubako zuzuyemo ibirundo byibyuma bikurura abantu cyane.
Ikoreshwa ry'ibirundo by'ibyuma biranyura kandi bikagera no mu nganda zose z’ubwubatsi, uhereye ku gukoresha imashini gakondo yo kubungabunga amazi n’ikoranabuhanga rya gisivili, ndetse no gukoresha gari ya moshi na gari ya moshi kugeza mu gukumira ibidukikije.
Agaciro keza k'ibirundo by'ibyuma byagaragaye mubikorwa bishya byo gukora ibicuruzwa byinshi bishya, nka: inyubako zidasanzwe zisudira;Isahani yicyuma ikozwe na hydraulic vibratory pile shoferi;Ikidodo gifunze hamwe no gutunganya amarangi mu ruganda.Impamvu nyinshi zemeza ko ibirundo byibyuma bikomeza kimwe mubintu byingirakamaro mu gukora inganda, ni ukuvuga, ntabwo bifasha gusa kuba indashyikirwa mu bwiza bw’ibyuma, ahubwo binagira uruhare mu bushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’isoko ry’ibirundo;Nibyiza mugutezimbere igishushanyo mbonera cyibicuruzwa kugirango uhuze neza ibyo abakoresha bakeneye.
Iterambere rya tekinoroji idasanzwe hamwe no gucapa cyane ni urugero rwiza rwibi.Kurugero, sisitemu ya patenti ya HOESCH yafunguye umurima mushya wingenzi wurupapuro rwicyuma mukurwanya umwanda.
Kuva ikirundo cy'icyuma cya HOESCH cyakoreshwaga nk'urukuta ruhagaritse rukingira urukuta mu 1986 kugira ngo rurinde ubutaka bwanduye, byagaragaye ko ikirundo cy'icyuma cyujuje ibisabwa byose kugira ngo amazi atemba kandi yanduye.Ibyiza byurupapuro rwicyuma nkugumana inkuta zikoreshwa buhoro buhoro mubindi bice.
Ibikurikira nimwe mubikorwa byubuhanga bwa geotechnique hamwe nibidukikije bikoreshwa mugukoresha impapuro z'ibyuma:
* Cofferdam
* Gutandukanya imigezi no kurwanya
Uruzitiro rwa sisitemu yo gutunganya amazi
Kurwanya umwuzure
* Uruzitiro
* Kurinda
* Kwiyerekana
* Gukata umuyoboro no guturamo
Amazi yamenetse
Urukuta rutangaje
* Gukosora ahahanamye
Urukuta
Ibyiza byo gukoresha uruzitiro rwicyuma:
* Nta bucukuzi busabwa kugirango hagabanuke imyanda
* Nibiba ngombwa, ikirundo cy'icyuma kirashobora gukurwaho nyuma yo gukoreshwa
* Ntabwo byatewe nubutaka bwamazi nubutaka bwimbitse
Ubucukuzi budasanzwe burashobora gukoreshwa
* Ubwubatsi burashobora gukorwa mubwato udateguye urundi rubuga
Inzira yo Kubaka
Itegure
1.Gutegura ubwubatsi: mbere yo gutwara ikirundo, ikibanza kiri hejuru yikirundo kigomba gufungwa kugirango hatabaho ubutaka, kandi umunwa wugaye ugomba gushyirwaho amavuta cyangwa andi mavuta.Ku birundo by'ibyuma bimaze igihe kinini bidasanwa, umunwa wugaye wahinduwe kandi byangiritse cyane, bigomba gusanwa no gukosorwa.Kubirundo byunamye kandi byahinduwe, birashobora gukosorwa na hydraulic jack jacking cyangwa kumisha umuriro.
2.Igice cyo gutwara ikirundo igice.
3.Mugihe cyo gutwara ikirundo.Kugirango uhagarike neza ibirundo by'ibyuma.Koresha theodolite ebyiri kugenzura mubyerekezo bibiri.
4.Umwanya nicyerekezo cyicyuma cya mbere nicyakabiri urupapuro rwibikoresho bigomba gutwarwa bigomba kuba byukuri, kugirango bikine uruhare rwo kuyobora inyandikorugero.Kubwibyo, gupima bigomba gukorwa rimwe muri 1m yo gutwara, kandi icyuma gishimangira cyangwa icyuma gishobora gusudira hamwe na purlin kugirango ikosorwe byigihe gito nyuma yo gutwara ikuzimu byateganijwe.
Igishushanyo
1. Guhitamo uburyo bwo gutwara
Inzira yo kubaka ibirundo byibyuma nuburyo butandukanye bwo gutwara, butangirira kumpande imwe yurukuta rwurupapuro kandi bigatwarwa numwe umwe (cyangwa babiri mumatsinda) kugeza umushinga urangiye.Ibyiza byayo birubaka kandi byihuse kandi ntibikenewe izindi nkunga zifasha.Ingaruka zayo nuko byoroshye kugorora ikirundo kurupapuro rumwe, kandi biragoye gukosora nyuma yo gukusanya amakosa.Kubwibyo, uburyo butandukanye bwo gutwara burakoreshwa gusa mugihe aho ibisabwa kurukuta rwurupapuro rutari hejuru kandi uburebure bwikirundo ni gito (nka munsi ya m 10).
2.Uburyo bwo gutwara ibinyabiziga ni ugushyiramo ibipapuro 10-20 by'icyuma mu cyerekezo kiyobora umurongo, hanyuma ukabitwara mubice.Mugihe cyo gutwara, ibirundo byicyuma kumpande zombi zurukuta rwa ecran bigomba kujyanwa hejuru yubushakashatsi cyangwa ubujyakuzimu runaka kugirango bihinduke ibirundo, hanyuma bigatwarwa hagati mu ntambwe ya 1/3 na 1/2 cy'uburebure bw'ikirundo .Ibyiza byuburyo bwo gutwara ibinyabiziga ni: birashobora kugabanya ikusanyirizo ryikosa ryimpengamiro, kurinda impengamiro ikabije, kandi biroroshye kugera ku gufunga no kwemeza ubwubatsi bwurukuta rwurupapuro.Ikibi ni uko uburebure bwo kwihagararaho bwikirundo cyinjijwe ari hejuru cyane, kandi hagomba kwitabwaho umutekano n’umutekano wo kubaka ikirundo cyinjijwe.
3.Gutwara ibirundo by'ibyuma.
Mugihe cyo gutwara ikirundo, umwanya wo gutwara nicyerekezo cyicyuma cya mbere nicyakabiri cyicyuma kigomba gutwarwa bigomba kwemeza neza.Irashobora kugira uruhare rwo kuyobora icyitegererezo.Mubisanzwe, bigomba gupimwa rimwe buri 1m itwaye.Kubaka inguni no gufunga gufunga urupapuro rwicyuma birashobora gukoresha urupapuro rwihariye rwurupapuro, uburyo bwo guhuza, uburyo bwo guhuzagurika hamwe nuburyo bwo guhindura umurongo.Kugirango habeho kubaka neza, birakenewe kwitegereza no kurinda imiyoboro yingenzi ninsinga zifite ingufu nyinshi murwego rwo gukora.
4.Gukuraho ibirundo by'ibyuma.
Iyo wongeye kuzuza umwobo fatizo, ikirundo cyicyuma kizakurwa kugirango gikoreshwe nyuma yo kurangiza.Mbere yo gukuramo, uburyo bwo kuvoma, igihe cyo kuvoma hamwe nuburyo bwo gutunganya ikirundo cyibikoresho byamabati bigomba kwigwa.Kugirango tuneshe imbaraga zo kurunda ibirundo, ukurikije imashini zikurura ikirundo zikoreshwa, uburyo bwo gukurura ikirundo burimo gukurura ikirundo gihamye, gukurura ikirundo no kunyeganyega.Mugihe cyo gukuraho, witondere kwitegereza no kurinda imiyoboro yingenzi ninsinga zifite ingufu nyinshi murwego rwo gukora.[1]
Ibikoresho
1.Imashini zipima ingaruka: inyundo yo kugwa kubusa, inyundo yo mu kirere, inyundo yo mu kirere, inyundo ya hydraulic, inyundo ya mazutu, nibindi.
2.Imashini zitwara Vibratory pile: Ubu bwoko bwimashini zirashobora gukoreshwa haba gutwara no gukurura ibirundo, kandi ibisanzwe bikoreshwa ni vibratory pile gutwara no gukurura inyundo.
3.Imashini itwara ibinyeganyega hamwe ningaruka: ubu bwoko bwimashini bufite uburyo bwo kugira ingaruka hagati yumubiri wumushoferi wa vibration pile na clamp.Iyo ibinyeganyega bitera hejuru no hepfo yinyeganyeza, bitanga imbaraga zingaruka, zitezimbere cyane mubwubatsi.
4.Imashini itwara ikirundo gihamye: kanda urupapuro hejuru yubutaka ukoresheje imbaraga zihamye.
